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Vliv ročního období a pořadí laktace na kvalitu mleziva holštýnských krav ve vybraném podniku
Slechanová, Marie
The topic of the bachelor's thesis was to monitor the influence of the season and the order of lactation on the quality of colostrum of Holstein cows. The bachelor thesis is divided into several parts. In the literary research, the work deals with the characteristics, meaning and composition of colostrum. The theoretical part describes the effects on the quality of colostrum or colostrum preservation. In the practical part is characterized, the company that provided the data and samples for this work. Colostrum from dairy cows in the 1st to 3rd and higher lactations during the seasons was evaluated. Density, the amount of lactose in colostrum, and the percentage of fat, protein, and lactose were measured from the evaluation indicators. The results show that the quality of colostrum increases with increasing lactation. Based on the obtained results, it is not proven that the influence of the season has a major influence on the quality of colostrum. The measured values of the indicators were higher or lower on the monitored farm in accordance with the professional literature.
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti dojnic českého strakatého skotu v průběhu roku ve vybraném chovu
Čurda, Jaroslav
The aim of this bachelor thesis was the analysis of milk yield in dairy cows of Czech fleckvieh cattle during one calendar year in selected breeding. For this purpose, 12 measurements were made in individual months, where the monitored parameters included day in milk (DIM), number of lactation (n), milk yield (kg milk) and milk components, namely fat (%) and protein (%). The results show that the effect of season had a significant effect on the amount of milk produced (kg) and the milk components (fat, protein). The highest daily milk yield was achieved by dairy cows in spring months and the lowest in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The highest fat and protein contents were achieved in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation order on milk yield was highly significant. The highest milk yields were achieved in the 3rd lactation. The highest fat, protein and lactose contents were achieved in the 1st lactation (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation stage on milk yield was statistically significant, with the highest milk yields being achieved in the first 100 days of lactation. The lowest was at 301 days or more. The content of milk components (fat, protein) was highest at 301 days and more (P < 0.01).
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Aflatoxin M1 in milk depending on season
ROHRBACHEROVÁ, Tereza
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw cow's milk, depending on the season. In four terms of 2022, the determination of AFM1 in 172 bulk milk samples from 30 farms was carried out. The Charm MRL AFM1 test kit (Charm), which allows the quantitative determination of AFM1, was used. The highest proportion of samples in which AFM1 was detected was observed in the autumn (18.6 %), and the lowest in the summer (9.4 %). Only two samples had a value above the MRL of the European Union (i.e. 0.05 ug/kg). The average content of AFM1 in milk for the year 2022 was 0.0037 ug/l.
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Vliv ročního období a četnosti pastvy na produkci mléka a mléčných výrobků od krav holštýnského skotu ve vybraném podniku
Kulišťáková, Michaela
In this work, the effects of seasons and frequency of grazing on the quality of Holstein cattle´s milk and milk products was monitored. Data from milk reccording of Z. P. Z. farm in Valašská Bystřice were used to obtain the results for year 2015. Dairy cows were categorized in numerical order of lactation into the three numerically equal groups that are dairy cows in 1st, 2nd and 3rd to 6th lactation. Deviations of milk yield were being observed during the year in relation to pasture. We also studied whether there was also change in representation of other milk components, especially in fat and proteins in the particular groups and well as in the whole herd. The results of the analysis showed that the most balanced milk yield during the monitoring of dairy cows was achieved in the winter months. When coming to and leaving from the pasture, we recorded significant declines in all observed values. During period of grazing, our results were highly fluctuating with the lowest values of milk yield (24.65 kg) and content of fat (3.67 %) recorded in August, which we attribute to high average daily temperatures. However, highest values were recorded during January for milk yields (32.25 kg) and during December for contents of fat and proteins (4.47 % and 3.37 % respectively). Effect of seasons on milk products was evaluated according to market demand. Highest demand for cheese and quark was recorded during spring months.
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Variabilita složení kravského mléka z ekologické farmy v závislosti na ročním období
Skřivánek, Miroslav
The thesis deals with the composition variability of organic farm cow´s milk depending on the season of the year. It analyzes variability of cow´s milk composition focusing on the influences of seasons and nutrition, and on the differences between the composition of milk of conventional and organic origins. After organic farm milk sampling and its analyzing the results were evaluated statistically and the statistic data were compared to the data of analyses of conventional breeding. In discussion the evaluated analyses were compared to other copyright works.
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Pohybová aktivita koní v aktivní stáji v závislosti na věku a ročním období
ORSÁKOVÁ, Kamila
The aim of the thesis was to monitor the daily activity of a selected group of horses in an active stable during the year. And to evaluate the influence of age and season on the daily activity of horses in an active stable. For the measure-ment of the physical activity the halter (headstall) attached GPS trackers were used for each individual horse. A total of 170 horse observations were made. Majority of observations were made for the Czech Warmblood breed, in 3 different age groups (young - up to 5 years, middle - 6-15 years, old - 16 years and more). In total 14 horses were observed, 5 horses in the young group, 5 horses in the medium group and 4 horses in the old group in the active stable Mažice. The monitoring took place during summer, autumn and winter, with the horses moving freely in all parts of the active stables, without using the horses for sport or riding purposes. The data were subsequently processed and evaluated by Statistica 12. In the active stable, it was observed that the age and season affects the daily activity of the horses. In summer, the highest moving distance was recorded for all groups with an average of 11.6 km/day. The highest was in young horses, which walked an average of 13.53 km/day in summer. Conversely, the smallest differences in daily activity were in the winter period, when the young group walked an average of 10.1 km/day, and the middle and old walked 8.6 km/day. The young group appeared to show the highest activity throughout the year and were most influenced by the season. On the other hand, the old and medium group did not show such a difference in activity when the season changed. For example, in autumn and winter, the old and medium group activity was almost at the same level. Active housing provides significant advantage in a freedom of movement, if designed properly. It is a husbandry technique that allows the horse to walk as many kilometers per day as it needs to and thus promotes proper musculoskeletal development in young horses and circulation in old horses. The results can be used as an overview for the breeder, who is interested in how much the horse can walk during the day and the time of year, and can design the time options for the paddock accordingly.
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The monitoring of vitamin D content in the diet of university students
KALETOVÁ, Nikol
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the level of vitamin D saturation in a selected group of university students at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The recorded diet method was used for the research. The research group included six men and six women aged 19-26. The research ran from the 10th February to 14th June 2020. Respondents recorded a week-long diet every second week in February, April and June. This captured possible seasonal fluctuations in the diet. Respondents recorded the amount and type of food and meals consumed. In the monitored group of respondents, vitamin D values averaged around 4.86 g per person per day. The values obtained do not correspond to the recommended daily intake of vitamin D, which according to DACH (2018) should be 20 ?g per person per day for men and women of this age category. In the group of women, the average intake of vitamin D was 3.88 g / day and in men the intake was higher, namely 5.85 g / day. The obtained levels agree with the results of other authors. Alimentary intake of vitamin D is usually in the range of 2-4 g / day, which is confirmed by the results of the diploma thesis. The lowest average daily intake was found in women to be 2.81 ?g / day and the maximum value in men on average 11.26 g / day. This value is at the level of 50% of the recommended daily intake. The main statistical finding was to demonstrate a difference in vitamin D intake between the gender. Men took more vitamin D than women. Furthermore, a positive relationship between protein and vitamin D intake was demonstrated. Last but not least, the effect of gender on protein intake was statistically significantly demonstrated. Men received more protein than women. The question dealing with the effect of the season on the intake of vitamin D from the diet has not been significantly statistically proven. In the second part, the energy intake and main nutrients were also determined, which according to the final evaluation were very unbalanced.
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Between-year dynamics of carnivores and ungulates in the Czech landscape
Schnebergerová, Adriana ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
It is important for the ecological management of wildlife populations in the Czech Republic to know the composition of species in individual habitats. This will allow predictions on the reactions of wildlife based on evolving changes that will occur sooner or later in these habitats due to human activity and natural change of our environment. Camera traps are a powerful tool of the 21st century with which we are able to observe wildlife without major interventions in their lives. With the right experimental design, camera traps allow us to find out details about wildlife life such as their distribution and habitat preferences, population structure, and their behavior. In this work, I used camera traps to determine the species composition of two groups; ungulates and carnivores in different habitats. This thesis analyzes the habitat preferences and hepls to find out to what extent the spatial patterns of occurrence on these two groups are in the monitored habitats over the course of a couple years. Data collection took place from June 2015 to May 2017 in the Central Bohemian Region northeast of Prague. Despite the fact that the area is densely populated and agriculturally exploited, I was able to capture four species of ungulates and nine species of carnivores on a total of 73 camera traps in this...
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